Question: Write a detailed note on Four Wheels of Novel
Answere: During the 18th century, a literary revolution took place in England, with the novel emerging as a prominent form of literary expression. Among the various writers who contributed significantly to the development and popularity of the English novel, four figures stand out as the leading exponents. They are Henry Fielding, Samuel Richardson, Lawrence Sterne, and Tobias Smollett. Collectively, they are often referred to as "The four wheels of the English novel" due to their immense influence on the genre and their lasting impact on English literature.
- Henry Fielding (1707-1754):Henry Fielding is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of the English novel. His most famous work, "The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling," published in 1749, is considered one of the earliest and greatest examples of the comic novel in English literature. Fielding's novels are known for their realistic portrayal of human characters and society, their use of satire, and their exploration of moral and social issues. He introduced the concept of the "heroic comic," a flawed but sympathetic protagonist who learns and grows through various adventures. Fielding's writing style was marked by wit, humor, and a keen understanding of human nature.
- Samuel Richardson (1689-1761):Samuel Richardson is best known for his epistolary novels, particularly "Pamela" (1740) and "Clarissa" (1748). These novels revolutionized the genre by employing the form of letters to tell the story, allowing readers to gain insight into the characters' inner thoughts and emotions. Richardson's novels often focused on the moral and social struggles faced by women, presenting them as complex individuals with agency. His works explored themes such as virtue, love, and the role of women in society. Richardson's meticulous attention to detail and psychological depth influenced subsequent novelists and helped shape the development of the English novel.
- Lawrence Sterne (1713-1768):Lawrence Sterne is renowned for his innovative and experimental novel, "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman" (1759-1767). This work defies conventional narrative structure and chronology, presenting a fragmented and digressive account of its protagonist's life. Sterne's writing style is marked by humor, satire, and a playful approach to storytelling. His use of metafictional devices and his exploration of the nature of fiction challenged the traditional boundaries of the novel. Sterne's work had a significant influence on the development of the modernist and postmodernist traditions in literature.
- Tobias Smollett (1721-1771):Tobias Smollett made significant contributions to the development of the English novel through his works such as "The Adventures of Roderick Random" (1748) and "The Expedition of Humphry Clinker" (1771). Smollett's novels are known for their picaresque style, featuring adventurous journeys, humorous incidents, and a range of vividly portrayed characters. He often incorporated social criticism and satire into his narratives, providing commentary on various aspects of British society. Smollett's novels were characterized by their energetic storytelling, robust language, and lively dialogue, making them immensely popular during his time.
Together, Fielding, Richardson, Sterne, and Smollett played a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of the English novel. Their works broke new ground in terms of narrative techniques, character development, and thematic exploration. They paved the way for future novelists and established the novel as a powerful medium for social commentary, psychological insight, and imaginative storytelling. Their collective influence continues to resonate in English literature, making them integral figures in the history of the novel.
